| Operating margin (EBITDA) | = | Net sales +/- Increase or decrease in finished goods and work in progress and inventories + manufacturing for own use + other operating income – materials and services – personnel costs – other operating expenses |
| EBITDA margin on net sales, % | = | EBITDA margin / net sales |
| Operating profit on net sales, % | = | Operating profit / net sales |
| Net interest-bearing liabilities | = | Interest-bearing liabilities – cash and bank balances |
| Order backlog | = | The proportion of customer orders outstanding or partially invoiced at the end of the accounting period |
| Equity ratio, % | = | Total equity / Balance sheet total |
| Net gearing, % | = | (Interest-bearing liabilities – cash and cash equivalents) / Total equity |
| Return on equity, % | = | Profit (loss) for the period / Average equity during the period1 |
